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A hard wine is noticeably tannic or acidic. The high level of tannins or acid cause the palate to dry out, much like eating a cotton ball.
Many young red wines will be hard; they simply need to be aged to soften up. Or, if the bottle has already been opened, decant it and allow the liquid to contact more oxygen.
A wine that is overly hard is considered harsh. Aging or exposure to oxygen may not be enough to correct the flaws a harsh wine.
Soft, the oppposite of hard, describes a wine with low levels of tannins or acidity.
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